節奏(rhythm)
1 斷句的原則(grouping
of words):
英語要講出節奏,可先從斷句開始。也就是說,美國人是一群一群字的說,而不是一個一個字的說。每一組字群都要用同樣的速度講完,就可以自然產生節奏感。斷句的方式只有三種:
(a) 短句;如
I
like you.
(b)片語;如
in
the morning
(c)長名詞;如
The
American president Bill Clinton
2. 斷句的認知
下面請一邊聽一邊閱讀這一段文章(錄音已預留5秒空檔,可先開檔。:(錄音)
One
morning last April, Susan was still sleeping when the doorbell rang.
It was her friend Dave inviting her to go to the beach for a picnic.
Later that morning, Susan left her house and walked to the station
to catch the bus. She was wearing a T-shirt and shorts, since it was
quite warm. As she sat on the bus, she looked out the door. She saw
some sheep in a field. It was starting to snow.
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聽完之後,感覺和平常沒有兩樣,但請再一邊閱讀下文,一邊重聽一次;您會發現說話者似乎照著
◎
符號斷句,而斷句的原則與上列的(1),(2),及(3)等三項,大致上是一致的。說的時候,每一組字群無論是兩個字或四個字均大致以相同的時間講完;原理與歌唱的分節類似。如此,我們可認知,講英語是不能隨意停頓的;大致上,必須遵循基本的這三項斷句法,而節奏感就在這斷句中自然產生。
One
morning ◎
last
April, ◎
Susan
was still sleeping ◎
when
the doorbell rang. ◎
It
was her friend Dave ◎
nviting
her ◎
to
go to the beach ◎
for
a picnic. ◎
Later
that morning, ◎
Susan
left her house ◎
and
walked to the station ◎
to
catch the bus. ◎
She
was wearing a ◎
T-shirt
and shorts, ◎
since
it was quite warm. ◎
As
she sat ◎
on
the bus, ◎
she
looked out the door. ◎
She
saw some sheep ◎
in a field. ◎
It was starting to snow.
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Paragraph
and recording adapted from Unit 4, in Pronunciation Plus: Practice
through Interaction, by Martin Hewings and Sharon Goldstein
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 11.
3.
斷句練習:
下列每一節均以音樂之一拍講完,至於吸氣動作,亦如唱歌一樣,視說話者的氣息調節情況而定。分字群發音練習如下:
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